Oxandrolone Wikipedia

Oxandrolone Wikipedia

Contents

Oxandrolone

Oxandrolone is anavar testosterone a synthetic anabolic steroid that has been used in various medical and non-medical contexts due to its potent effects on muscle growth and fat metabolism.

Medical Uses

Oxandrolone is primarily prescribed for the treatment of muscle wasting associated with chronic respiratory disorders, such as COPD. It has also been used in burn patients to promote wound healing and recovery. Additionally, it may be used off-label by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance muscle mass and physical performance.

Non-Medical Uses

Despite its medical applications, oxandrolone is often misused for non-therapeutic purposes, such as attempting to build muscle or improve physical appearance. This misuse can lead to significant health risks and legal consequences.

Contraindications

Patients with a history of certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, heart failure, or kidney disease, may not be appropriate candidates for oxandrolone treatment. Additionally, pregnant women should avoid using this medication due to potential risks to fetal health.

Side Effects

The side effects of oxandrolone can range from mild to severe and may include acne, hair loss, mood changes, and an increase in the risk of cardiovascular events. In rare cases, it has been associated with more serious conditions like hepatotoxicity or psychiatric disorders.

Interactions

Oxandrolone may interact with other medications, such as corticosteroids, diuretics, and blood-thinning agents, potentially leading to adverse effects. It is important for patients to inform their healthcare providers of all medications they are taking before starting oxandrolone.

Pharmacology

Oxandrolone is a synthetic derivative of 5-androstane-3β,17α-diol, which belongs to the class of anabolic steroids. Its structure includes a 17-alpha-methyl group and a 3-keto group, giving it unique properties in muscle stimulation.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of oxandrolone involve its ability to bind to specific receptors in the body, stimulating processes related to muscle growth and fat metabolism. It works by promoting the retention of nitrogen and other essential nutrients in muscle tissue, which contributes to muscle building and recovery.

Steroid Configuration

Oxandrolone has a specific stereochemistry due to its 3R configuration at the carbon atom. This stereospecificity is critical for its biological activity and effectiveness in medical applications.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of oxandrolone include its relatively quick absorption when taken orally, with a peak effect typically observed within 1-2 hours. The drug is metabolized primarily by the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP3A4, and is excreted in urine. Its half-life is approximately 21 hours.

Chemistry

Oxandrolone is synthesized from dihydrotestosterone (DHT) using a combination of chemical reagents and conditions. The molecule’s structure includes a ketone group at the C3 position, which contributes to its anabolic properties. Below is the chemical structure of oxandrolone:

History

Oxandrolone was first synthesized in 1966 by the pharmaceutical company Squibb Pharmaceuticals for use as a treatment for muscle wasting in post-surgical patients. Its off-label use in bodybuilding and fitness circles emerged later, leading to its current status as a controlled substance.

Society and Culture

Oxandrolone has become a subject of interest in the fitness community due to its perceived benefits in muscle building. However, its misuse has also contributed to its reputation as a drug with significant risks. The use of oxandrolone without legitimate medical supervision is often associated with negative societal impacts, including health dangers and legal repercussions.

Generic Names

The generic name for oxandrolone is oxandrolone. Other names include Androl and Stenol.

Brand Names

Some brand names under which oxandrolone is sold include:

• Oxandrin (Squibb Pharmaceuticals)
• Forterra
• Masteron (other manufacturers)

Availability

In the United States, oxandrolone is available only through legitimate medical prescription. Its distribution and availability may vary depending on regional regulations.

Other Countries

The availability of oxandrolone in other countries may also be subject to strict regulatory oversight. In many jurisdictions, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse and abuse.

Legal Status

Oxandrolone is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance in the United States. Its possession or use without a legitimate medical prescription can lead to legal charges and penalties.

References

Note: The following references are based on publicly available information and may not reflect current clinical guidelines or practices. Always consult with a healthcare professional for accurate and up-to-date information.

• World Health Organization (WHO) – Anabolic Steroids Fact Sheet
• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Steroid Abuse
• MedlinePlus – Oxandrolone